Nfrequency of ac mains using sonometer experiment pdf files

Gilbert 15401603 objectives to study some circuit elements and a simple ac circuit. Jun 02, 2014 connect an ac mains powered digital clock to the generator. If a current is passed through a wire in a magnetic field then the wire will move. Adjust the knife edges or the magnet to get the maximum vibration. Why is tension needed to make a wire vibrate while. Connect the primary of the step down transformer to a. Aim to find the frequency of the ac mains with a sonometer. A change in the mains frequency has negative effects in some of the appliances. Apparatus a sonometer with soft iron wire, a set of eight tuning forks. Study of determine frequency of ac mains using meldes electrical vibrator scope of learning. Experiment 7 ac circuits look for knowledge not in books but in things themselves. The mains voltage has to be dropped to 4 volts leaves room for the voltage fluctuations. My question is that resonance was there in vibration or not.

A second drive coil can be used to induce vibrations in the wire. To determine resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph for potential difference versus current ohms law. In this experiment you will perform a fourier analysis of a couple of sinusoidal, periodic nonfunctions a square wave and a triangle wave using a simple, highq filter. Experiment sonometer ap ap physics experiment law of. Electric drives experiment 6 analysis and control of a. Then with the set up the same as in the previous section measure the fundamental harmonic, f 0, using 5 different tensions. This has the advantage that it provides electrical isolation from the dangerous mains voltage.

One of the simplest and safest ways to measure mains voltages is to use a simple plug in the wall power block to drop the mains voltage to a safer level. Sonometer with nonmagnetic wire nichrome, ammeter, step down transformer 210 volts, key, horse shoe magnet, wooden stand for mounting the magnet, set of 50 gm masses. Jun 26, 2010 we did an experiment of measuring ac mains frequency using sonometer. The output jacks allow you to use the 750 interface as a 1. We did a 3 part experiment last week using a sonometer and i have to write a lab report for it. Dc equivalent of an ac circuit with a resistor and capacitor. If you tighten the string by screwing in the knob at the end of the sonometer you will not be able to measure the string tension with the weights. To find out the frequency of ac mains using a sonometer. To identify the characteristics of basic nonsinusoidal waveforms. Power in a nonlinear system driven by a sinusoidal voltage waveform 4.

At the maximum vibration the paper rider placed in the string will fall down. Specific heat of solid using method of mixtures experiment. Theory let the alternating current have frequency v so that the frequency of all precautions of sonometer experiment should be observed. When the frequency of the applied force is equal to the na. Inbuilt ac supply selfcontained and easy to operate online product tutorial features nvis technologies pvt.

The group i was working with in the lab didnt give me chance to help out and. Aug 01, 2012 to determine frequency of ac mains using a sonometer and a magnet. Ap physics experiment law of strings purpose to determine the relationship between frequency, tension, and string length. When the rate of movement due to the current matches the fundamental frequency. We adjusted the length of the string so that the amplitude is maximum. Compare frequencies of two tuning forks experiment. In normal operation of a mains supply system, there will always be some content at frequencies other than the fundamental, and so circuits using the ac as a clock may in any case incorporate some filtering to reject such interference. This is a dc circuit with a voltage source given by. This experiment shows you some of the properties of circuits which contain resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Frequency of ac mains using sonometer experiment pdf posted on june 7, 2019 by admin an a. Ece 202 experiment 9 lab report home walter scott, jr. Apparatus and material required a sonometer with a soft iron wire stretched over it, an electromagnet, a stepdown transformer, slotted 12 kg weights hanger, a physical balance, two sharp edge wedges and a weight box. Replace the wire on the sonometer with a color coded unknown wire. In this experiment a small current, produced by a signal generator, causes the sonometer wire to move up and down due to interaction with the magnetic field of a ushaped magnet.

Electromagnet a step down transformer220v to 6v or 12 v hanger with slotted weights of 500g each meter rod two wedges formula used. By increasing the tension on wire, repeat the experiment for 3 or 4 different tensions. The columns are instantaneous frequency, instantaneous phase change, net phase gainloss since powerup, mains hour, minute, second, and utc hour, minute, second. There is this experiment regarding the frequency of ac mains using a sonometer and i found a slight confusion with the formula. If this current is alternating, as in the mains supply, the wire will vibrate, the fundamental resonant frequency of vibration being equal to the frequency of the mains supply. Tighten the string by placing weights on the end with the notches. It used to be with large ac power systems that power quality was an unheardof concept, aside from power factor almost all loads were of the linear variety, meaning that they did not distort the shape of the voltage sine wave, or cause nonsinusoidal currents to flow in the circuit. It can occur in all sorts of systems, from a swinging mechanical pendulum to an optical cavity. Circuits laboratory experiment 3 ac circuit analysis. Objectto determine the frequency of a tuning fork with a sonometer. The sonometer the resonant string and timbre change.

Here l is the length of the vibrating string, t is the tension in the wire and m is its mass per unit. Jan 29, 2012 there is this experiment regarding the frequency of ac mains using a sonometer and i found a slight confusion with the formula. Repeat the same for different weight, radius, string material and environment. Power in a linear system driven by a periodic voltage waveform 3. A sonometer is an apparatus used to study the transverse vibrations of stretched strings.

In the experiment an electromagnet was vibrating the string. It is in the form of a hollow wooden rectangular box. Accurate measurement of the mains electricity frequency. Using a independent time source such as a mechanical rolex true time, let the generator run for one hour. To determine the frequency of alternating current using a sonometer. To determine the wavelength of sodium lines by newtons. The sonometer allows accurate variation of the tension in the wire, by hanging a series of masses from the end arm, and the length of the wire by moving the bridges. Now construct the op amp circuit you designed in part 3 and connect the op amp circuit to the output of your circuit of part 7 i. Frequency and phase measurement ac metering circuits. Experiment 7 to find the frequency of the ac mains with a sonometer. When the rate of movement due to the current matches the fundamental frequency of the wire, resonance occurs causing noticeable vibration. To determine frequency of ac mains using a sonometer and a magnet duration. Measure and record the mass m in kg of the sonometer wire. Physics lab manual ncert solutions class 12 physics sample papers.

For this experiment i used a truetime tfdm timefrequency deviation meter card on a xl gps receiver. Jul 05, 2018 the wire needed to be stretch or taut by the application of tension or pulling forces on both ends of the wire the tautness is needed in order for the wire to develop vibrations that supposedly will resonate to a certain frequency depending on. Experiment to measure the fluctuation of mains voltage and. Basically a sonometer is a device based on the principle of resonance. Remeasure the ac input impedance with a 10 khz sine wave.

I am really struggling with getting my head around the results and the questions i have to answer. Same as in experiment 8 except a separate horse shoe magnet and a separate step down transformer. Connect an ac mains powered digital clock to the generator. In an experiment on meter bridge if the balancing length ac is x and when the radius of the meter bridge wire is doubled, then the value of the balancing length ac will remain same i. Physics laboratory manual department of physics, bit mesra page 1 experimets no. List of experiments conducted in physics lab during inspire camp. It is used to verify the laws of vibration of stretched string and also to determine the frequency of a tuning fork. To determine frequency of ac mains using a sonometer and a magnet. To determine the frequency of alternating current using a sonometer and an electromagnet. Vary the tension by keeping the mass the same, but. Resonant modes sonometer power amplifier, voltage sensor. To find the frequency of the ac mains with a sonometer. This paper describes a simple experiment that students can do at home to determine the speed of sound in air. Timing devices based on synchronous motors are inherently resistant to highfrequency interference.

Rectifier and power supply power output, voltage sensors. A set of audio files with selected frequencies is first created and stored on the. In real life the method used for such analyses may be quite different. To determine the frequency of ac by using sonometer. Using the reset button you can reset the simulation.

To learn how to use the various controls on the oscilloscope. Download our frequency of ac mains using sonometer viva questions and answer pdf ebooks for free and learn more about frequency of ac mains using sonometer viva questions and answer pdf. Measure the pitch or the frequency of the fundamental mode. The sonometer the resonant string and timbre change after.

C sonometer is an apparatus by which the transverse vibrations of strings can be studied. Click on the power on to switch onoff the power supply. If the ac is being generated by an electromechanical alternator, the frequency will be directly proportional to the shaft speed of the machine, and frequency. How to determine frequency of an ac generator alternator. Frequency of ac mains using sonometer experiment pdf posted on february 4, 2019 by admin an a. The wire needed to be stretch or taut by the application of tension or pulling forces on both ends of the wire the tautness is needed in order for the wire to develop vibrations that supposedly will resonate to a certain frequency depending on. Frequency of ac mains using sonometer experiment pdf an a.

Ece 202 experiment 9 lab report voltage response with the operational amplifier 8. The group i was working with in the lab didnt give me chance to help out and didnt seem keen on explaining anything to me. On the wooden rectangular box there are two bridges and a pulley at one end. Sonometer with nonmagnetic wire brass wire stretched over it, stepdown transformer of 68 volts, horse shoe magnet, meter scale, screw gauge and 250gm weights. Below the title bar is the main menu bar containing no. How the amplitude was changing with the change in length of the string. Measure the ac input impedance by the same method using a 1 khz sine wave from the function generator as the voltage source.

In the present exercise we will study the behavior of some basic. Circuits laboratory experiment 3 ac circuit analysis 3. Experiment aim to determine the frequency of alternating current using a sonometer and an electromagnet. Use the file menu to make a new activity, open an activity, save an activity, save. Abstract, introduction and theory, references, prelab preparation, experiment, and results. In this experiment you will study the vibrational modes of a stretched string. Apparatus requireda sonometer, the given tuning fork a pad, chemical. Start the generator and record the time displayed by the clock when the minute changes. Hence find the mass per unit length, m for the wire. To find the frequency of the ac mains with a sonometer learn. To determine the frequency of ac mains using a sonometer. We did an experiment of measuring ac mains frequency using sonometer. For example, the speed of ac synchronous motors depend upon the supply frequency, and any appliance such as a turntable using such a. Select the type of ac supply from the drop down list.

Connect the driver coil to the output of the power. Superimposing frequencies on mains ac all about circuits. Stretch the heavier of the two wires on the sonometer with a load of approximately 1kg if available. Feb 18, 2018 how to determine ac frequency using sonometer. To determine frequency of ac mains using a sonometer and a.

Consider the the bridge meter having resistors r1 and r2. Frequency of ac mains using sonometer viva questions and. Select the weight of the slotted weights using the slider. Experiment 6 ac peak, rms, and phase measurement aims. The sonometer allows accurate variation of the tension in the wire, by hanging a series of masses. It consists of the frequency is calculated using the. If it makes a sound, and you have a set of tuning forks, you can find the fork that resonates most strongly with the sound, and that fork will be at twice the mains frequency. Sonometer with nonmagnetic wire brass wire stretched over it, stepdown.

The abstract is a brief summary describing the experiment. Refractive index of the material of the given prism where a is the angle of the prism d is the angle of minimum deviation. It consists of the frequency is calculated using the equation. Using the spectrometer, measure the angle of the given prism and angle of minimum deviation. Frequency measurement is very important in many applications of alternating current, especially in ac power systems designed to run efficiently at one frequency and one frequency only. You may wish to calibrate the mechanical standard to wwv or wwvh. Theory all useful circuits use varying voltages, changing magnitude or even completely reversing polarity. These books contain exercises and tutorials to improve your practical skills, at all levels.